In Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), “chaining” is a powerful teaching strategy that helps children learn complex skills by breaking them into smaller steps. Instead of expecting a child to master an entire task at once, ABA therapists teach each part step by step. This approach makes learning less overwhelming and more achievable.
The Three Types of Chaining in ABA
1. Forward Chaining
With forward chaining, the child learns the very first step of the task first. Once they master it, the therapist introduces the second step, then the third, and so on until the whole skill is complete.
- Example: Teaching toothbrushing. First, the child learns to pick up the toothbrush. Later, they add toothpaste, then brushing, and finally rinsing.
2. Backward Chaining
Backward chaining starts at the end of the task. The therapist helps with all the earlier steps but lets the child complete the final step independently. As the child gains confidence, they work backward through the task.
- Example: When learning to put on shoes, the therapist does everything up to the last step, and the child finishes by fastening the Velcro straps.
3. Total Task Chaining
With total task chaining, the child practices every step of the task in each session, with support provided as needed. This method works best when the child can attempt most steps with minimal assistance.
- Example: During snack preparation, the child practices every step—from opening the bag to pouring a drink—with help as needed.
Chaining in ABA therapy is effective because it turns big goals into manageable parts. This structured approach builds independence, confidence, and essential life skills.
At Move Up ABA, we use strategies like chaining to help children succeed in everyday routines. We offer ABA therapy at home and school-based ABA therapy across Maryland and Virginia.
Contact Move Up ABA today and see how our personalized ABA therapy can support your child’s growth.
